Morphisms

🅟 Mar 14, 2026

  🅤 Mar 14, 2026

DEF-MOR. Morphisms.

  • Generally, a homomorphism / morphism is a structure-preserving function between two structured sets.

  • A monomorphism is an injective homomorphism.

  • An epimorphism is a surjective homomorphism.

  • An isomorphism is a bijective homomorphism.

  • An endomorphism is a homomorphism from a set to itself.

  • An automorphism is a bijective endomorphism.

  • The sets of all homomorphisms, monomorphisms, epimorphisms, isomorphisms between $X$ and $Y$ are respectively denoted by

    \[\hom(X,Y), \quad \mon(X,Y), \quad \epi(X,Y), \quad \iso(X,Y).\]

    The sets of all endomorphisms, automorphisms on $X$ are respectively denoted by

    \[\endo X, \quad \aut X.\]
  • $A$ and $B$ are isomorphic, written

    \[A \simeq B,\]

    if an isomorphism between them exists.