Ordinal Number

🅟 Mar 01, 2026

  🅤 Jun 10, 2026

Definition 1.

An ordinal number or ordinal is a transitive set that is strictly well-ordered by $\in$.

The class of all ordinals is denoted by $\Ord$.

Example. $0 := \empt$ is an ordinal.

Definition 2.

For two ordinals $\alpha$ and $\beta$, we define the following total order on $\Ord$:

\[\alpha < \beta \enspace\lrimp\enspace \alpha \in \beta.\]

Proposition 1.

Every element of an ordinal is an ordinal.

Proposition 2.

For any two ordinals $\alpha$ and $\beta$:

  1. \[\alpha \subseteq \beta \enspace\lor\enspace \beta \subseteq\alpha.\]
  2. \[\alpha \subset \beta \enspace\rimp\enspace \alpha \in\beta.\]

Proposition 3.

For any ordinal $\alpha$,

\[\alpha = \{\beta : \beta < \alpha\}.\]

Proposition 4.

If $C$ is a non-empty class of ordinals, then $\bigcap C$ is an ordinal and

\[\bigcap C \,=\, \inf C \,\in\, C.\]

Proposition 5.

If $X$ is a non-empty set of ordinals, then $\bigcup X$ is an ordinal and

\[\bigcup X = \sup X.\]

Proposition 6. Burali-Forti Paradox.

$\Ord$ is a proper class.

Proof. By Proposition 5, $\alpha = \sup \Ord$ would be an ordinal, hence

\[\alpha + 1 \leq \alpha,\]

a contradiction.